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Preparing your Lab
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Arithmetic & Geometric
Arithmetic (Add d)
a_n = a₁ + (n-1)d
S_n = n/2 (a₁ + a_n)
Geometric (Mult r)
a_n = a₁ · r^(n-1)
S_n = a₁(1-r^n) / (1-r)
S_∞ = a₁ / (1-r) (|r|<1)
Taylor & Maclaurin
Taylor (at a):
Σ fⁿ(a)/n! · (x-a)ⁿ
Maclaurin (at 0):
eˣ = 1 + x + x²/2! + ...
sin x = x - x³/3! + ...
cos x = 1 - x²/2! + ...
1/(1-x) = 1 + x + x² ...
Convergence Tests
Nth Term
Div if lim a_n ≠ 0
Ratio Test
L = |a_{n+1}/a_n|
Conv if L < 1
Root Test
L = ⁿ√|a_n|
Conv if L < 1
P-Series
1/nᵖ
Conv if p > 1